Digital quantification of the miospore coloration to assess the thermal maturity: Novel RGB-based measuring technique     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2015

The post depositional thermal maturity and its related chemical changes induce the sporomorphs color alteration, which is a common useful tool in the optical microscopy of the organic matters (OM) and their pre-geochemical studies. The present contribution uses the modern available opportunity of digital technology to achieve a quantifying system technique, which includes color measurements and their possible graphic presentation. The normal digital images of sporomorphs from several ages and geological settings are used to obtain color measurements in the form of digital Red, Green and Blue triple color system (RGB). These measurements were accomplished using some software programs such as Photoshop™^© or ImageJ with employing average microscope setup. The triple RGB color readings are plotted on a ternary diagram, which is divided into three fields. These fields express the maturity levels. The presented new RGB-based quantifying technique is economic and provides a simple examination for maturity, which is linked to the hydrocarbon generation. This can partially replace or walk side by side with the vitrinite reflectance microscopy.  相似文献   

夏季青藏高原低涡的切向流场及波动特征分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈功  李国平 《气象学报》2011,69(6):956-963

从大气动力学原理出发,将高原低涡视为受热源强迫的边界层内涡旋,建立了柱坐标下满足梯度风平衡的低涡控制方程组,分析高原低涡切向流场的基本特征.在此基础上,通过求解线性化涡旋模式,得出高原低涡中各类波动的频散关系及其特征,同时定性讨论了热力作用对混合波动的影响以及混合波动与高原低涡流场特征的联系.使用中尺度数值模式WRF分...  相似文献   

中国区域蒸发潜力不均性发展趋势及其气候成因分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

徐兴奎  LEVY Jason K 《地球物理学报》2011,54(3):634-642

气象台站20 cm蒸发皿观测资料自然正交分解显示,1980～2000年中国区域气温显著增加期间,长江中游至河套、东北等区域地表年蒸发潜力呈增加趋势;相反在长江以南、东部和西南等地区年蒸发潜力呈下降趋势.辐射观测资料分析结果表明,自20世纪70年代中国区域太阳入射能整体呈下降趋势,因此对于蒸发潜力增加的地区,太阳辐射产生...  相似文献   

瑞利数对热对流的影响——在地幔柱中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

王青平  白武明  王洪亮 《地球物理学报》2011,54(6):1566-1574

本文分别在直角坐标系和柱坐标系下,研究瑞利数从104逐渐增大到107对热对流的影响,数值计算结果表明:瑞利数越大,地幔柱越窄,地幔柱上升速度也越快;源自上地幔的地幔柱半径的范围为9到210 km.根据峨眉山内带的半径推算出地幔的黏性系数约为3.8×1021Pa·s,地幔柱平均流动速度为2.5 cm/a.  相似文献   

饱和砂岩的黏弹行为的实验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

席道瑛  徐松林  席军  易良坤  杜赘 《地球物理学报》2011,54(9):2302-2308

通过Metravib热机械分析仪,用正弦波进行加载,实验时固定静载为100 N,正弦波动载荷恒为60 N,将总载荷控制在屈服点以下;在温度为-50～125℃,升温速率为1℃/min,频率为5～1000 Hz的条件下,对泵油饱和长石砂岩、彭山砂岩样品进行单轴循环加载实验,求取泵油饱和长石砂岩和彭山砂岩的衰减、耗散角、模量...  相似文献   

Modeling discrete gas bubble formation and mobilization during subsurface heating of contaminated zones     

Magdalena M. Krol 《Advances in water resources》2011,34(4):537-549

During thermal remediation the increase in subsurface temperature can lead to bubble formation and mobilization. In order to investigate the effect of gas formation on resulting aqueous concentrations, a 2D finite difference flow and mass transport model was developed which incorporates a macroscopic invasion percolation (MIP) model to simulate bubble expansion and movement. The model was used to simulate three soil scenarios with different permeabilities and entry pressures at various operating temperatures and groundwater velocities. It was observed that discrete bubble formation occurred in all three soils, upward mobility being limited by lower temperatures and higher entry pressures. Bubble mobilization resulted in a different aqueous mass distribution than if no discrete gas formation was modeled, especially at higher temperatures. This was a result of bubbles moving upwards to cooler areas, then collapsing, and contaminating previously clean zones. The cooling effect also led to possible non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) formation which was not predicted using a model without discrete bubble formation.  相似文献   

地震红外长波辐射短期异常特征分析     

李继业  任建辉  高峰  胡滨生  孟令蕾 《中国地震》2011,27(4):410-418

利用NOAA卫星资料反演的地震长波辐射值OLR对黑龙江及其周边2003年以来8次中强地震进行了追踪研究.结果显示,震前2个月左右OLR场值存在明显的高值异常区,未来震中距离高值区中心点250km(优势距离为160km).该方法对黑龙江及其周边4级以上地震短期判定可能具有一定的指示价值,也为利用卫星遥感技术预测未来可能发震区域并及时做出短期预测预警提供了新途径.  相似文献   

Holocene alpine glaciation inferred from lacustrine sediments on northeastern Baffin Island,Arctic Canada     

Elizabeth K. Thomas  Jason Szymanski  Jason P. Briner 《第四纪科学杂志》2010,25(2):146-161

With accelerated melting of alpine glaciers, understanding the future state of the cryosphere is critical. Because the observational record of glacier response to climate change is short, palaeo‐records of glacier change are needed. Using proglacial lake sediments, which contain continuous and datable records of past glacier activity, we investigate Holocene glacier fluctuations on northeastern Baffin Island. Basal radiocarbon ages from three lakes constrain Laurentide Ice Sheet retreat by ca. 10.5 ka. High sedimentation rates (0.03 cm a^?1) and continuous minerogenic sedimentation throughout the Holocene in proglacial lakes, in contrast to organic‐rich sediments and low sedimentation rates (0.005 cm a^?1) in neighbouring non‐glacial lakes, suggest that glaciers may have persisted in proglacial lake catchments since regional deglaciation. The presence of varves and relatively high magnetic susceptibility from 10 to 6 ka and since 2 ka in one proglacial lake suggest minimum Holocene glacier extent ca. 6–2 ka. Moraine evidence and proglacial and threshold lake sediments indicate that the maximum Holocene glacier extent occurred during the Little Ice Age. The finding that glaciers likely persisted through the Holocene is surprising, given that regional proxy records reveal summer temperatures several degrees warmer than today, and may be due to shorter ablation seasons and greater accumulation‐season precipitation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Ramifications of high in-situ temperatures for laboratory testing and inferred stress states of unlithified sediments – A case study from the Nankai margin     

Andre Hüpers  Stefan KreiterAchim J. Kopf 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2010

The recovery of drill cores involves changes in pressure and temperature conditions, which inevitably alter the mechanical properties of unlithified sediments. While expansion from unloading after core recovery is well studied, the effects from cooling on standard geotechnical tests are commonly neglected. Along the central portion of the Nankai margin sediments were recovered from high in-situ temperatures of up to 110 °C during IODP Leg 190. So far, the interpretation of the consolidation state of the Lower Shikoku Basin facies (LSB) entering the accretionary Nankai margin is ambiguous. Results from laboratory consolidation tests at room temperature show high pre-consolidation stresses. These were interpreted as hardening caused by cementation, while the field-based porosity vs. depth trend points towards normal consolidation. As an explanation for this discrepancy, the change of the mechanical properties by cooling from in-situ to laboratory conditions is proposed. In this paper, the results of a thermo-mechanical model are compared to published field data. This comparison suggests that the observed hardening is at least partially an artefact from cooling during core recovery, and that the strata may be considered normally consolidated to slightly overconsolidated. The latter can be explained by minor cementation or the influence of secondary consolidation. The results suggest that cooling from high in-situ temperatures may be important for the interpretation of the consolidation state of other sedimentary successions elsewhere.  相似文献   

Two-and three-dimensional linear convection in a rotating annulus     

G. T. Greed  K. Zhang 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1-2):23-34

Abstract

An exceptional case to the model-independent theory of Knobloch (1995) is presented, by investigating a rotating cylindrical annulus of height H and side wall radii r _o and r _i, with non-slip, perfectly thermally conducting side walls and thermally insulating stress-free ends. Radial heating permits the possibility of either two- or three-dimensional convective solutions being the preferred mode. An analytical solution is obtained for the two-dimensional case and a numerical solution for the three-dimensional solution, which is also applied to the two-dimensional solution. It is shown that both two- and three-dimensional solutions can be realized depending on the aspect ratio, γ = H/d, where d = r _o-r _i is the thickness of the annulus, the radii ratio λ = r _i/r _o and the rotation rate of the model. For γ = O(1) and λ = 0.4, the preferred convective solution is three-dimensional when the Taylor number, T < 10² and two-dimensional for T > 10². For small aspect ratios, γ ? 1, the preferred mode is two-dimensional for all rotation rates.  相似文献